What buffers do: Buffers limit pH changes by using a weak acid and conjugate base pair to neutralize added acids or bases ...

A well-established technique, acid-base titration is an analytical method used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base. In practice, it involves adding a solution of known strength ...

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Polyprotic acids can release more than one proton through sequential reactions, each defined by a unique dissociation constant. These stepwise processes shape titration curves and influence buffer ...

Students will be able to explain that if two substances cause turn a pH indicator different colors, they must be different substances. Students will be able to explain that the color that a substance ...